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Starożytność

Starożytność

Starożytność i średniowiecze

Elektryczność, jak wskazują odkrycia archeologiczne, była znana w starożytnym Egipcie oraz plemieniu Partów, które zamieszkiwało terytoria leżące pomiędzy Eufratem a Tygrysem. Świątynia bogini Hator w Denderze kryje rysunki na ścianach, które dają podstawy przypuszczać, że zjawisko elektryczności było znane kapłanom Egipskim.

Dowody "słodowości" Egipcjan znalezione zostały kilkadziesiąt lat temu i pokazują, że już około 4500 lat temu potrafili skonstruować lampę - w okolicach Bagdadu odkopano gliniane dzbany z zainstalowanym w środku odizolowanym cylindrem z miedzi i wprowadzonym do środka stalowym prętem. Archeolodzy doświadczalnie sprawdzili, że napełnienie cylindra na przykład kwasem cytrynowym, powodowało wystąpienie różnicy potencjału.
Nie dalej niż w IV w. p.n.e. do nauki o elektryczności parę uwag dorzucili starożytni Grecy - pomogli zdefiniować pojęcie atomu. Nie dysponując żadnymi konkretnymi narzędziami oprócz swojego mózgu - Demokryt z Abdery i Epikur, opierając się jedynie na swoim logicznym rozumowaniu stworzyli teorię istnienia cząstek elementarnych.
W starożytności zawieszono działania w sferze studiów nad elektrycznością.